Serious Complication of Acid Reflux or Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease

The more serious long term complications of Acid Reflux or GERD is not treated effectively, the constant acid reflux can irritate the lining of the esophagus, and serious complication that may occur are :

A. Barrett's esophagus.

Acid Reflux or Heartburn that is severe or occurs frequently over a long period of time is a characteristic of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD). If GERD is untreated, it can be harmful; the constant acid reflux will irritate the lining of the esophagus, and complications can occur. One of these complication is Barrett's esophagus.

Barrett's esophagus is a condition in which the esophagus, the muscular tube that carries food and saliva from the mouth to the stomach, changes so that some of its lining is replaced by a type of tissue similar to that normally found in the intestine. Those with Barrett's esophagus are 30 to 125 times more likely to develop esophageal cancer than those without this condition.
Barrett's esophagus (BE) is a serious condition in which changes occur in the cells that line the lower esophagus and cause the cells to become abnormal and precancerous.

B. Esophageal cancer.

The esophagus is a hollow tube that carries food and liquids from your throat to your stomach. Early esophageal cancer usually does not cause symptoms. However, as the cancer grows, symptoms may include painful or difficult swallowing, weight loss and coughing up blood.

Esophageal cancer is a disease in which malignant (cancer) cells form in the tissues of the esophagus. Doctors cannot always explain why one person gets cancer and another does not. There is, however, a strong association between gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)and esophageal cancer.

C. Laryngeal cancer.

Laryngeal cancer may also be called cancer of the larynx or laryngeal carcinoma. Most laryngeal cancers are squamous cell carcinomas, reflecting their origin from the squamous cells which form the majority of the laryngeal epithelium.

For the purposes of tumour staging, the larynx is divided into three anatomical regions: the glottis; the supraglottis epiglottis, arytenoids and aryepiglottic folds, and false cords); and the subglottis.

Researchers have reported that GERD is significantly associated with the development of laryngeal cancer (cancer of the larynx).

D. Erosive esophagitis.

Esophagitis is an inflammation and swelling of the esophagus, and is most often caused by acid-containing stomach contents refluxing back up into the esophagus.

Esophagitis means inflammation of the foodpipe. This is often characterized by redness of the lining of the foodpipe (erythema)and breaks in the lining of the foodpipe (erosions). One of the causes for the development of esophagitis is gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).

E. Esophageal strictures.

An esophageal stricture is a gradual narrowing of the esophagus, which can lead to swallowing difficulties. The esophagus is a relatively simple tubular structure connecting the throat to the stomach. The major functions of the stomach are to transport ingested food from the oropharynx to the stomach and to prevent regurgitation of food and gastric contents from the stomach back up into the esophagus.